JDK = JRE + Development Tools. JRE = JVM + Libraries. JVM executes bytecode.
The JVM (Java Virtual Machine) runs Java bytecode, providing platform independence. The JRE (Java Runtime Environment) includes the JVM and core libraries needed to run Java applications. The JDK (Java Development Kit) contains the JRE plus development tools like compilers (javac). Developers install the JDK to both develop and run applications, while end users usually just need the JRE.
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